Prevent negative `from` parameter in SearchSourceBuilder (#23358)

This prevents later errors like the one reported in #23324 and throws an
IllegalArgumentException early instead.

core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/search/builder/SearchSourceBuilder.java

@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryParseContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryShardContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.Script;
-import org.elasticsearch.search.collapse.CollapseBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchExtBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregationBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregatorFactories;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.PipelineAggregationBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.collapse.CollapseBuilder;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.fetch.StoredFieldsContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.fetch.subphase.FetchSourceContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.fetch.subphase.highlight.HighlightBuilder;
@@ -314,6 +314,9 @@ public final class SearchSourceBuilder extends ToXContentToBytes implements Writ
      * From index to start the search from. Defaults to <tt>0</tt>.
      */
     public SearchSourceBuilder from(int from) {
+        if (from < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("[from] parameter cannot be negative");
+        }
         this.from = from;
         return this;
     }

core/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/search/builder/SearchSourceBuilderTests.java

@@ -360,6 +360,11 @@ public class SearchSourceBuilderTests extends AbstractSearchTestCase {
         }
     }
 
+    public void testNegativeFromErrors() {
+        IllegalArgumentException expected = expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new SearchSourceBuilder().from(-2));
+        assertEquals("[from] parameter cannot be negative", expected.getMessage());
+    }
+
     private void assertIndicesBoostParseErrorMessage(String restContent, String expectedErrorMessage) throws IOException {
         try (XContentParser parser = createParser(JsonXContent.jsonXContent, restContent)) {
             ParsingException e = expectThrows(ParsingException.class, () -> SearchSourceBuilder.fromXContent(createParseContext(parser)));

rest-api-spec/src/main/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search/30_limits.yaml

@@ -17,6 +17,14 @@ setup:
         index: test_1
         from: 10000
 
+---
+"Request with negative from value":
+  - do:
+      catch:      /\[from\] parameter cannot be negative/
+      search:
+        index: test_1
+        from: -2
+
 ---
 "Request window limits with scroll":
   - do: