[DOCS] Reformats analyze API (#45986)

docs/reference/indices/analyze.asciidoc

@@ -1,15 +1,145 @@
 [[indices-analyze]]
-=== Analyze
+=== Analyze API
+++++
+<titleabbrev>Analyze</titleabbrev>
+++++
 
-Performs the analysis process on a text and return the tokens breakdown
-of the text.
+Performs <<analysis,analysis>> on a text string
+and returns the resulting tokens.
 
-Can be used without specifying an index against one of the many built in
-analyzers:
+[source,js]
+--------------------------------------------------
+GET /_analyze
+{
+  "analyzer" : "standard",
+  "text" : "Quick Brown Foxes!"
+}
+--------------------------------------------------
+// CONSOLE
+
+
+[[analyze-api-request]]
+==== {api-request-title}
+
+`GET /_analyze`
+
+`POST /_analyze`
+
+`GET /<index>/_analyze`
+
+`POST /<index>/_analyze`
+
+
+[[analyze-api-path-params]]
+==== {api-path-parms-title}
+
+`<index>`::
++
+--
+(Optional, string)
+Index used to derive the analyzer.
+
+If specified,
+the `analyzer` or `<field>` parameter overrides this value.
+
+If no analyzer or field are specified,
+the analyze API uses the default analyzer for the index.
+
+If no index is specified 
+or the index does not have a default analyzer,
+the analyze API uses the <<analysis-standard-analyzer,standard analyzer>>.
+--
+
+
+[[analyze-api-query-params]]
+==== {api-query-parms-title}
+
+`analyzer`::
++
+--
+(Optional, string or <<analysis-custom-analyzer,custom analyzer object>>)
+Analyzer used to analyze for the provided `text`.
+
+See <<analysis-analyzers>> for a list of built-in analyzers.
+You can also provide a <<analysis-custom-analyzer,custom analyzer>>.
+
+If this parameter is not specified,
+the analyze API uses the analyzer defined in the field's mapping.
+
+If no field is specified,
+the analyze API uses the default analyzer for the index.
+
+If no index is specified,
+or the index does not have a default analyzer,
+the analyze API uses the <<analysis-standard-analyzer,standard analyzer>>.
+--
+
+`attributes`::
+(Optional, array of strings)
+Array of token attributes used to filter the output of the `explain` parameter.
+
+`char_filter`::
+(Optional, array of strings)
+Array of character filters used to preprocess characters before the tokenizer.
+See <<analysis-charfilters>> for a list of character filters.
+
+`explain`::
+(Optional, boolean)
+If `true`, the response includes token attributes and additional details.
+Defaults to `false`.
+experimental:[The format of the additional detail information is labelled as experimental in Lucene and it may change in the future.]
+
+`field`::
++
+--
+(Optional, string)
+Field used to derive the analyzer.
+To use this parameter,
+you must specify an index.
+
+If specified,
+the `analyzer` parameter overrides this value.
+
+If no field is specified,
+the analyze API uses the default analyzer for the index.
+
+If no index is specified
+or the index does not have a default analyzer,
+the analyze API uses the <<analysis-standard-analyzer,standard analyzer>>.
+--
+
+`filter`::
+(Optional, Array of strings)
+Array of token filters used to apply after the tokenizer.
+See <<analysis-tokenfilters>> for a list of token filters.
+
+`normalizer`::
+(Optional, string)
+Normalizer to use to convert text into a single token.
+See <<analysis-normalizers>> for a list of normalizers.
+
+`text`::
+(Required, string or array of strings)
+Text to analyze.
+If an array of strings is provided, it is analyzed as a multi-value field.
+
+`tokenizer`::
+(Optional, string)
+Tokenizer to use to convert text into tokens.
+See <<analysis-tokenizers>> for a list of tokenizers.
+
+[[analyze-api-example]]
+==== {api-examples-title}
+
+[[analyze-api-no-index-ex]]
+===== No index specified
+
+You can apply any of the built-in analyzers to the text string without
+specifying an index.
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET _analyze
+GET /_analyze
 {
   "analyzer" : "standard",
   "text" : "this is a test"
@@ -17,11 +147,14 @@ GET _analyze
 --------------------------------------------------
 // CONSOLE
 
-If text parameter is provided as array of strings, it is analyzed as a multi-valued field.
+[[analyze-api-text-array-ex]]
+===== Array of text strings
+
+If the `text` parameter is provided as array of strings, it is analyzed as a multi-value field.
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET _analyze
+GET /_analyze
 {
   "analyzer" : "standard",
   "text" : ["this is a test", "the second text"]
@@ -29,13 +162,16 @@ GET _analyze
 --------------------------------------------------
 // CONSOLE
 
-Or by building a custom transient analyzer out of tokenizers,
-token filters and char filters. Token filters can use the shorter 'filter'
-parameter name:
+[[analyze-api-custom-analyzer-ex]]
+===== Custom analyzer
+
+You can use the analyze API to test a custom transient analyzer built from
+tokenizers, token filters, and char filters. Token filters use the `filter`
+parameter:
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET _analyze
+GET /_analyze
 {
   "tokenizer" : "keyword",
   "filter" : ["lowercase"],
@@ -46,7 +182,7 @@ GET _analyze
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET _analyze
+GET /_analyze
 {
   "tokenizer" : "keyword",
   "filter" : ["lowercase"],
@@ -62,7 +198,7 @@ Custom tokenizers, token filters, and character filters can be specified in the
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET _analyze
+GET /_analyze
 {
   "tokenizer" : "whitespace",
   "filter" : ["lowercase", {"type": "stop", "stopwords": ["a", "is", "this"]}],
@@ -71,11 +207,14 @@ GET _analyze
 --------------------------------------------------
 // CONSOLE
 
-It can also run against a specific index:
+[[analyze-api-specific-index-ex]]
+===== Specific index
+
+You can also run the analyze API against a specific index:
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET analyze_sample/_analyze
+GET /analyze_sample/_analyze
 {
   "text" : "this is a test"
 }
@@ -89,7 +228,7 @@ can also be provided to use a different analyzer:
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET analyze_sample/_analyze
+GET /analyze_sample/_analyze
 {
   "analyzer" : "whitespace",
   "text" : "this is a test"
@@ -98,11 +237,14 @@ GET analyze_sample/_analyze
 // CONSOLE
 // TEST[setup:analyze_sample]
 
-Also, the analyzer can be derived based on a field mapping, for example:
+[[analyze-api-field-ex]]
+===== Derive analyzer from a field mapping
+
+The analyzer can be derived based on a field mapping, for example:
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET analyze_sample/_analyze
+GET /analyze_sample/_analyze
 {
   "field" : "obj1.field1",
   "text" : "this is a test"
@@ -114,11 +256,14 @@ GET analyze_sample/_analyze
 Will cause the analysis to happen based on the analyzer configured in the
 mapping for `obj1.field1` (and if not, the default index analyzer).
 
+[[analyze-api-normalizer-ex]]
+===== Normalizer
+
 A `normalizer` can be provided for keyword field with normalizer associated with the `analyze_sample` index.
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET analyze_sample/_analyze
+GET /analyze_sample/_analyze
 {
   "normalizer" : "my_normalizer",
   "text" : "BaR"
@@ -131,7 +276,7 @@ Or by building a custom transient normalizer out of token filters and char filte
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET _analyze
+GET /_analyze
 {
   "filter" : ["lowercase"],
   "text" : "BaR"
@@ -140,7 +285,7 @@ GET _analyze
 // CONSOLE
 
 [[explain-analyze-api]]
-==== Explain Analyze
+===== Explain analyze
 
 If you want to get more advanced details, set `explain` to `true` (defaults to `false`). It will output all token attributes for each token.
 You can filter token attributes you want to output by setting `attributes` option.
@@ -149,7 +294,7 @@ NOTE: The format of the additional detail information is labelled as experimenta
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET _analyze
+GET /_analyze
 {
   "tokenizer" : "standard",
   "filter" : ["snowball"],
@@ -210,8 +355,7 @@ The request returns the following result:
 <1> Output only "keyword" attribute, since specify "attributes" in the request.
 
 [[tokens-limit-settings]]
-[float]
-=== Settings to prevent tokens explosion
+===== Setting a token limit
 Generating excessive amount of tokens may cause a node to run out of memory.
 The following setting allows to limit the number of tokens that can be produced:
 
@@ -225,7 +369,7 @@ The following setting allows to limit the number of tokens that can be produced:
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-PUT analyze_sample
+PUT /analyze_sample
 {
   "settings" : {
     "index.analyze.max_token_count" : 20000
@@ -237,7 +381,7 @@ PUT analyze_sample
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
-GET analyze_sample/_analyze
+GET /analyze_sample/_analyze
 {
   "text" : "this is a test"
 }