Set collection mode to breadth_first in the terms aggregation when the cardinality of the field is unknown or smaller than the requested size.

closes #9825

core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/bucket/BestBucketsDeferringCollector.java

@@ -166,16 +166,16 @@ public class BestBucketsDeferringCollector extends DeferringBucketCollector {
             int doc = 0;
             for (long i = 0, end = entry.docDeltas.size(); i < end; ++i) {
                 doc += docDeltaIterator.next();
-                if (needsScores) {
-                    if (docIt.docID() < doc) {
-                        docIt.advance(doc);
-                    }
-                    // aggregations should only be replayed on matching documents
-                    assert docIt.docID() == doc;
-                }
                 final long bucket = buckets.next();
                 final long rebasedBucket = hash.find(bucket);
                 if (rebasedBucket != -1) {
+                    if (needsScores) {
+                        if (docIt.docID() < doc) {
+                            docIt.advance(doc);
+                        }
+                        // aggregations should only be replayed on matching documents
+                        assert docIt.docID() == doc;
+                    }
                     leafCollector.collect(doc, rebasedBucket);
                 }
             }

core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/bucket/terms/TermsAggregationBuilder.java

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class TermsAggregationBuilder extends ValuesSourceAggregationBuilder<Valu
     private Terms.Order order = Terms.Order.compound(Terms.Order.count(false), Terms.Order.term(true));
     private IncludeExclude includeExclude = null;
     private String executionHint = null;
-    private SubAggCollectionMode collectMode = SubAggCollectionMode.DEPTH_FIRST;
+    private SubAggCollectionMode collectMode = null;
     private TermsAggregator.BucketCountThresholds bucketCountThresholds = new TermsAggregator.BucketCountThresholds(
             DEFAULT_BUCKET_COUNT_THRESHOLDS);
     private boolean showTermDocCountError = false;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public class TermsAggregationBuilder extends ValuesSourceAggregationBuilder<Valu
     public TermsAggregationBuilder(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
         super(in, StringTerms.TYPE, ValuesSourceType.ANY);
         bucketCountThresholds = new BucketCountThresholds(in);
-        collectMode = SubAggCollectionMode.readFromStream(in);
+        collectMode = in.readOptionalWriteable(SubAggCollectionMode::readFromStream);
         executionHint = in.readOptionalString();
         includeExclude = in.readOptionalWriteable(IncludeExclude::new);
         order = InternalOrder.Streams.readOrder(in);
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public class TermsAggregationBuilder extends ValuesSourceAggregationBuilder<Valu
     @Override
     protected void innerWriteTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
         bucketCountThresholds.writeTo(out);
-        collectMode.writeTo(out);
+        out.writeOptionalWriteable(collectMode);
         out.writeOptionalString(executionHint);
         out.writeOptionalWriteable(includeExclude);
         InternalOrder.Streams.writeOrder(order, out);
@@ -266,7 +266,9 @@ public class TermsAggregationBuilder extends ValuesSourceAggregationBuilder<Valu
         }
         builder.field(ORDER_FIELD.getPreferredName());
         order.toXContent(builder, params);
-        builder.field(SubAggCollectionMode.KEY.getPreferredName(), collectMode.parseField().getPreferredName());
+        if (collectMode != null) {
+            builder.field(SubAggCollectionMode.KEY.getPreferredName(), collectMode.parseField().getPreferredName());
+        }
         if (includeExclude != null) {
             includeExclude.toXContent(builder, params);
         }

core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/bucket/terms/TermsAggregatorFactory.java

@@ -150,14 +150,22 @@ public class TermsAggregatorFactory extends ValuesSourceAggregatorFactory<Values
                     }
                 }
             }
+            SubAggCollectionMode cm = collectMode;
+            if (cm == null) {
+                cm = SubAggCollectionMode.DEPTH_FIRST;
+                if (factories != AggregatorFactories.EMPTY) {
+                    cm = subAggCollectionMode(bucketCountThresholds.getShardSize(), maxOrd);
+                }
+            }
+
             DocValueFormat format = config.format();
             if ((includeExclude != null) && (includeExclude.isRegexBased()) && format != DocValueFormat.RAW) {
                 throw new AggregationExecutionException("Aggregation [" + name + "] cannot support regular expression style include/exclude "
                         + "settings as they can only be applied to string fields. Use an array of values for include/exclude clauses");
             }
 
-            return execution.create(name, factories, valuesSource, order, format, bucketCountThresholds, includeExclude, context, parent, 
-                    collectMode, showTermDocCountError, pipelineAggregators, metaData);
+            return execution.create(name, factories, valuesSource, order, format, bucketCountThresholds, includeExclude, context, parent,
+                    cm, showTermDocCountError, pipelineAggregators, metaData);
         }
 
         if ((includeExclude != null) && (includeExclude.isRegexBased())) {
@@ -167,19 +175,27 @@ public class TermsAggregatorFactory extends ValuesSourceAggregatorFactory<Values
 
         if (valuesSource instanceof ValuesSource.Numeric) {
             IncludeExclude.LongFilter longFilter = null;
+            SubAggCollectionMode cm = collectMode;
+            if (cm == null) {
+                if (factories != AggregatorFactories.EMPTY) {
+                    cm = subAggCollectionMode(bucketCountThresholds.getShardSize(), -1);
+                } else {
+                    cm = SubAggCollectionMode.DEPTH_FIRST;
+                }
+            }
             if (((ValuesSource.Numeric) valuesSource).isFloatingPoint()) {
                 if (includeExclude != null) {
                     longFilter = includeExclude.convertToDoubleFilter();
                 }
                 return new DoubleTermsAggregator(name, factories, (ValuesSource.Numeric) valuesSource, config.format(), order,
-                        bucketCountThresholds, context, parent, collectMode, showTermDocCountError, longFilter,
+                        bucketCountThresholds, context, parent, cm, showTermDocCountError, longFilter,
                         pipelineAggregators, metaData);
             }
             if (includeExclude != null) {
                 longFilter = includeExclude.convertToLongFilter(config.format());
             }
             return new LongTermsAggregator(name, factories, (ValuesSource.Numeric) valuesSource, config.format(), order,
-                    bucketCountThresholds, context, parent, collectMode, showTermDocCountError, longFilter, pipelineAggregators,
+                    bucketCountThresholds, context, parent, cm, showTermDocCountError, longFilter, pipelineAggregators,
                     metaData);
         }
 
@@ -187,6 +203,20 @@ public class TermsAggregatorFactory extends ValuesSourceAggregatorFactory<Values
                 + "]. It can only be applied to numeric or string fields.");
     }
 
+    // return the SubAggCollectionMode that this aggregation should use based on the expected size
+    // and the cardinality of the field
+    static SubAggCollectionMode subAggCollectionMode(int expectedSize, long maxOrd) {
+        if (expectedSize == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            // return all buckets
+            return SubAggCollectionMode.DEPTH_FIRST;
+        }
+        if (maxOrd == -1 || maxOrd > expectedSize) {
+            // use breadth_first if the cardinality is bigger than the expected size or unknown (-1)
+            return SubAggCollectionMode.BREADTH_FIRST;
+        }
+        return SubAggCollectionMode.DEPTH_FIRST;
+    }
+
     public enum ExecutionMode {
 
         MAP(new ParseField("map")) {

core/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/search/aggregations/bucket/terms/TermsAggregatorFactoryTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to Elasticsearch under one or more contributor
+ * license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright
+ * ownership. Elasticsearch licenses this file to you under
+ * the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
+ * not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.bucket.terms;
+
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.Aggregator;
+import org.elasticsearch.test.ESSingleNodeTestCase;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+
+public class TermsAggregatorFactoryTests extends ESSingleNodeTestCase {
+    public void testSubAggCollectMode() throws Exception {
+        assertThat(TermsAggregatorFactory.subAggCollectionMode(Integer.MAX_VALUE, -1),
+            equalTo(Aggregator.SubAggCollectionMode.DEPTH_FIRST));
+        assertThat(TermsAggregatorFactory.subAggCollectionMode(10, -1),
+            equalTo(Aggregator.SubAggCollectionMode.BREADTH_FIRST));
+        assertThat(TermsAggregatorFactory.subAggCollectionMode(10, 5),
+            equalTo(Aggregator.SubAggCollectionMode.DEPTH_FIRST));
+        assertThat(TermsAggregatorFactory.subAggCollectionMode(10, 10),
+            equalTo(Aggregator.SubAggCollectionMode.DEPTH_FIRST));
+        assertThat(TermsAggregatorFactory.subAggCollectionMode(10, 100),
+            equalTo(Aggregator.SubAggCollectionMode.BREADTH_FIRST));
+        assertThat(TermsAggregatorFactory.subAggCollectionMode(1, 2),
+            equalTo(Aggregator.SubAggCollectionMode.BREADTH_FIRST));
+        assertThat(TermsAggregatorFactory.subAggCollectionMode(1, 100),
+            equalTo(Aggregator.SubAggCollectionMode.BREADTH_FIRST));
+    }
+}

docs/reference/aggregations/bucket/terms-aggregation.asciidoc

@@ -577,7 +577,8 @@ Deferring calculation of child aggregations
 
 For fields with many unique terms and a small number of required results it can be more efficient to delay the calculation
 of child aggregations until the top parent-level aggs have been pruned. Ordinarily, all branches of the aggregation tree
-are expanded in one depth-first pass and only then any pruning occurs. In some rare scenarios this can be very wasteful and can hit memory constraints.
+are expanded in one depth-first pass and only then any pruning occurs.
+In some scenarios this can be very wasteful and can hit memory constraints.
 An example problem scenario is querying a movie database for the 10 most popular actors and their 5 most common co-stars:
 
 [source,js]
@@ -602,10 +603,13 @@ An example problem scenario is querying a movie database for the 10 most popular
 }
 --------------------------------------------------
 
-Even though the number of movies may be comparatively small and we want only 50 result buckets there is a combinatorial explosion of buckets
-during calculation - a single movie will produce n² buckets where n is the number of actors. The sane option would be to first determine
+Even though the number of actors may be comparatively small and we want only 50 result buckets there is a combinatorial explosion of buckets
+during calculation - a single actor can produce n² buckets where n is the number of actors. The sane option would be to first determine
 the 10 most popular actors and only then examine the top co-stars for these 10 actors. This alternative strategy is what we call the `breadth_first` collection
-mode as opposed to the default `depth_first` mode:
+mode as opposed to the `depth_first` mode.
+
+NOTE: The `breadth_first` is the default mode for fields with a cardinality bigger than the requested size or when the cardinality is unknown (numeric fields or scripts for instance).
+It is possible to override the default heuristic and to provide a collect mode directly in the request:
 
 [source,js]
 --------------------------------------------------
@@ -615,7 +619,7 @@ mode as opposed to the default `depth_first` mode:
              "terms" : {
                  "field" : "actors",
                  "size" : 10,
-                 "collect_mode" : "breadth_first"
+                 "collect_mode" : "breadth_first" <1>
              },
             "aggs" : {
                 "costars" : {
@@ -630,12 +634,10 @@ mode as opposed to the default `depth_first` mode:
 }
 --------------------------------------------------
 
+<1> the possible values are `breadth_first` and `depth_first`
 
 When using `breadth_first` mode the set of documents that fall into the uppermost buckets are
 cached for subsequent replay so there is a memory overhead in doing this which is linear with the number of matching documents.
-In most requests the volume of buckets generated is smaller than the number of documents that fall into them so the default `depth_first`
-collection mode is normally the best bet but occasionally the `breadth_first` strategy can be significantly more efficient. Currently
-elasticsearch will always use the `depth_first` collect_mode unless explicitly instructed to use `breadth_first` as in the above example.
 Note that the `order` parameter can still be used to refer to data from a child aggregation when using the `breadth_first` setting - the parent
 aggregation understands that this child aggregation will need to be called first before any of the other child aggregations.