[DOCS] Reformat `pattern_replace` token filter (#57699)

Changes:

* Rewrites description and adds Lucene link
* Adds analyze example
* Adds parameter definitions
* Adds custom analyzer example

docs/reference/analysis/tokenfilters/pattern_replace-tokenfilter.asciidoc

@@ -4,23 +4,157 @@
 <titleabbrev>Pattern replace</titleabbrev>
 ++++
 
-The `pattern_replace` token filter allows to easily handle string
-replacements based on a regular expression. The regular expression is
-defined using the `pattern` parameter, and the replacement string can be
-provided using the `replacement` parameter (supporting referencing the
-original text, as explained
-http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/regex/Matcher.html#appendReplacement(java.lang.StringBuffer,%20java.lang.String)[here]).
+Uses a regular expression to match and replace token substrings.
+
+The `pattern_replace` filter uses
+http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html[Java's
+regular expression syntax]. By default, the filter replaces matching
+substrings with an empty substring (`""`).
+
+Regular expressions cannot be anchored to the
+beginning or end of a token. Replacement substrings can use Java's
+https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Matcher.html#appendReplacement-java.lang.StringBuffer-java.lang.String-[`$g` syntax] to reference capture groups
+from the original token text.
 
 [WARNING]
-.Beware of Pathological Regular Expressions
-========================================
+====
+A poorly-written regular expression may run slowly or return a
+StackOverflowError, causing the node running the expression to exit suddenly.
+
+Read more about
+http://www.regular-expressions.info/catastrophic.html[pathological regular
+expressions and how to avoid them].
+====
+
+This filter uses Lucene's
+{lucene-analysis-docs}/pattern/PatternReplaceFilter.html[PatternReplaceFilter].
+
+[[analysis-pattern-replace-tokenfilter-analyze-ex]]
+==== Example
+
+The following <<indices-analyze,analyze API>> request uses the `pattern_replace`
+filter to prepend `watch` to the substring `dog` in `foxes jump lazy dogs`.
+
+[source,console]
+----
+GET /_analyze
+{
+  "tokenizer": "whitespace",
+  "filter": [
+    {
+      "type": "pattern_replace",
+      "pattern": "(dog)",
+      "replacement": "watch$1"
+    }
+  ],
+  "text": "foxes jump lazy dogs"
+}
+----
+
+The filter produces the following tokens.
+
+[source,text]
+----
+[ foxes, jump, lazy, watchdogs ]
+----
+
+////
+[source,console-result]
+----
+{
+  "tokens": [
+    {
+      "token": "foxes",
+      "start_offset": 0,
+      "end_offset": 5,
+      "type": "word",
+      "position": 0
+    },
+    {
+      "token": "jump",
+      "start_offset": 6,
+      "end_offset": 10,
+      "type": "word",
+      "position": 1
+    },
+    {
+      "token": "lazy",
+      "start_offset": 11,
+      "end_offset": 15,
+      "type": "word",
+      "position": 2
+    },
+    {
+      "token": "watchdogs",
+      "start_offset": 16,
+      "end_offset": 20,
+      "type": "word",
+      "position": 3
+    }
+  ]
+}
+----
+////
+
+[[analysis-pattern-replace-tokenfilter-configure-parms]]
+==== Configurable parameters
+
+`all`::
+(Optional, boolean)
+If `true`, all substrings matching the `pattern` parameter's regular expression
+are replaced. If `false`, the filter replaces only the first matching substring
+in each token. Defaults to `true`.
+
+`pattern`::
+(Required, string)
+Regular expression, written in
+http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html[Java's
+regular expression syntax]. The filter replaces token substrings matching this
+pattern with the substring in the `replacement` parameter.
+
+`replacement`::
+(Optional, string)
+Replacement substring. Defaults to an empty substring (`""`).
+
+[[analysis-pattern-replace-tokenfilter-customize]]
+==== Customize and add to an analyzer
 
-The pattern replace token filter uses
-http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html[Java Regular Expressions].
+To customize the `pattern_replace` filter, duplicate it to create the basis
+for a new custom token filter. You can modify the filter using its configurable
+parameters.
 
-A badly written regular expression could run very slowly or even throw a
-StackOverflowError and cause the node it is running on to exit suddenly.
+The following <<indices-create-index,create index API>> request
+configures a new <<analysis-custom-analyzer,custom analyzer>> using a custom
+`pattern_replace` filter, `my_pattern_replace_filter`.
 
-Read more about http://www.regular-expressions.info/catastrophic.html[pathological regular expressions and how to avoid them].
+The `my_pattern_replace_filter` filter uses the regular expression `[£|€]` to
+match and remove the currency symbols `£` and `€`. The filter's `all`
+parameter is `false`, meaning only the first matching symbol in each token is
+removed.
 
-========================================
+[source,console]
+----
+PUT /my_index
+{
+  "settings": {
+    "analysis": {
+      "analyzer": {
+        "my_analyzer": {
+          "tokenizer": "keyword",
+          "filter": [
+            "my_pattern_replace_filter"
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "filter": {
+        "my_pattern_replace_filter": {
+          "type": "pattern_replace",
+          "pattern": "[£|€]",
+          "replacement": "",
+          "all": false
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+----