Avoid sliced locked contention in internal engine

Today we use a sliced lock strategy for acquiring locks to prevent
concurrent updates to the same document. The number of sliced locks is
computed as a linear function of the number of logical
processors. Unfortunately, the probability of a collision against a
sliced lock is prone to the birthday problem and grows faster than
expected. In fact, the mathematics works out such that for a fixed
target probability of collision, the number of lock slices should grow
like the square of the number of logical processors. This is
less-than-ideal, and we can do better anyway. This commit introduces a
strategy for avoiding lock contention within the internal
engine. Ideally, we would only have lock contention if there were
concurrent updates to the same document. We can get close to this ideal
world by associating a lock with the ID of each document. This
association can be held in a concurrent hash map. Now, the JDK
ConcurrentHashMap also uses a sliced lock internally, but it has several
strategies for avoiding taking the locks and these locks are only held
for a very short period of time. This implementation associates a
reference count with the lock that is associated with a document ID and
automatically removes the document ID from the concurrent hash map when
the reference count reaches zero.

Relates #18060

core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/common/util/concurrent/KeyedLock.java

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class KeyedLock<T> {
         this(false);
     }
 
-    private final ConcurrentMap<T, KeyLock> map = ConcurrentCollections.newConcurrentMap();
+    private final ConcurrentMap<T, KeyLock> map = ConcurrentCollections.newConcurrentMapWithAggressiveConcurrency();
 
     public Releasable acquire(T key) {
         assert isHeldByCurrentThread(key) == false : "lock for " + key + " is already heald by this thread";

core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.IOUtils;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.InfoStream;
 import org.elasticsearch.ExceptionsHelper;
-import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.Murmur3HashFunction;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.Nullable;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lease.Releasable;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.logging.ESLogger;
@@ -51,6 +50,7 @@ import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.index.ElasticsearchDirectoryReader;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.uid.Versions;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.AbstractRunnable;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.KeyedLock;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.util.concurrent.ReleasableLock;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexSettings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.Uid;
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public class InternalEngine extends Engine {
     // we use the hashed variant since we iterate over it and check removal and additions on existing keys
     private final LiveVersionMap versionMap;
 
-    private final Object[] dirtyLocks;
+    private final KeyedLock<BytesRef> keyedLock = new KeyedLock<>();
 
     private final AtomicBoolean versionMapRefreshPending = new AtomicBoolean();
 
@@ -128,10 +128,6 @@ public class InternalEngine extends Engine {
         try {
             this.lastDeleteVersionPruneTimeMSec = engineConfig.getThreadPool().estimatedTimeInMillis();
             mergeScheduler = scheduler = new EngineMergeScheduler(engineConfig.getShardId(), engineConfig.getIndexSettings());
-            this.dirtyLocks = new Object[Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 10]; // we multiply it to have enough...
-            for (int i = 0; i < dirtyLocks.length; i++) {
-                dirtyLocks[i] = new Object();
-            }
             throttle = new IndexThrottle();
             this.searcherFactory = new SearchFactory(logger, isClosed, engineConfig);
             try {
@@ -356,7 +352,7 @@ public class InternalEngine extends Engine {
     }
 
     private boolean innerIndex(Index index) throws IOException {
-        synchronized (dirtyLock(index.uid())) {
+        try (Releasable ignored = acquireLock(index.uid())) {
             lastWriteNanos = index.startTime();
             final long currentVersion;
             final boolean deleted;
@@ -451,7 +447,7 @@ public class InternalEngine extends Engine {
     }
 
     private void innerDelete(Delete delete) throws IOException {
-        synchronized (dirtyLock(delete.uid())) {
+        try (Releasable ignored = acquireLock(delete.uid())) {
             lastWriteNanos = delete.startTime();
             final long currentVersion;
             final boolean deleted;
@@ -708,7 +704,7 @@ public class InternalEngine extends Engine {
         // we only need to prune the deletes map; the current/old version maps are cleared on refresh:
         for (Map.Entry<BytesRef, VersionValue> entry : versionMap.getAllTombstones()) {
             BytesRef uid = entry.getKey();
-            synchronized (dirtyLock(uid)) { // can we do it without this lock on each value? maybe batch to a set and get the lock once per set?
+            try (Releasable ignored = acquireLock(uid)) { // can we do it without this lock on each value? maybe batch to a set and get the lock once per set?
 
                 // Must re-get it here, vs using entry.getValue(), in case the uid was indexed/deleted since we pulled the iterator:
                 VersionValue versionValue = versionMap.getTombstoneUnderLock(uid);
@@ -908,13 +904,12 @@ public class InternalEngine extends Engine {
         return searcherManager;
     }
 
-    private Object dirtyLock(BytesRef uid) {
-        int hash = Murmur3HashFunction.hash(uid.bytes, uid.offset, uid.length);
-        return dirtyLocks[Math.floorMod(hash, dirtyLocks.length)];
+    private Releasable acquireLock(BytesRef uid) {
+        return keyedLock.acquire(uid);
     }
 
-    private Object dirtyLock(Term uid) {
-        return dirtyLock(uid.bytes());
+    private Releasable acquireLock(Term uid) {
+        return acquireLock(uid.bytes());
     }
 
     private long loadCurrentVersionFromIndex(Term uid) throws IOException {