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@@ -18,14 +18,16 @@ Snapshots can be stored in either local or remote repositories.
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Remote repositories can reside on Amazon S3, HDFS, Microsoft Azure,
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Google Cloud Storage,
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and other platforms supported by a {plugins}/repository.html[repository plugin].
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+// end::snapshot-intro[]
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{es} takes snapshots incrementally: the snapshotting process only copies data
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to the repository that was not already copied there by an earlier snapshot,
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avoiding unnecessary duplication of work or storage space. This means you can
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-safely take snapshots very frequently with minimal overhead. However, snapshots
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-are also logically independent: deleting a snapshot does not affect the
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+safely take snapshots very frequently with minimal overhead. This
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+incrementality only applies within a single repository because no data is
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+shared between repositories. Snapshots are also logically independent from each
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+other, even within a single repository: deleting a snapshot does not affect the
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integrity of any other snapshot.
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-// end::snapshot-intro[]
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// tag::restore-intro[]
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You can <<snapshots-restore-snapshot,restore snapshots>> to a running cluster, which includes all data streams and indices in the snapshot
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@@ -39,17 +41,22 @@ You can use
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to automatically take and manage snapshots.
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// tag::backup-warning[]
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-WARNING: You cannot back up an {es} cluster by simply copying
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-the data directories of all of its nodes. {es} may be making changes to
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-the contents of its data directories while it is running; copying its data
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-directories cannot be expected to capture a consistent picture of their contents.
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-If you try to restore a cluster from such a backup, it may fail and report
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-corruption and/or missing files. Alternatively, it may appear to have succeeded
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-though it silently lost some of its data. The only reliable way to back up a
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-cluster is by using the snapshot and restore functionality.
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-
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+WARNING: **The only reliable and supported way to back up a cluster is by
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+taking a snapshot**. You cannot back up an {es} cluster by making copies of the
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+data directories of its nodes. There are no supported methods to restore any
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+data from a filesystem-level backup. If you try to restore a cluster from such
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+a backup, it may fail with reports of corruption or missing files or other data
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+inconsistencies, or it may appear to have succeeded having silently lost some
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+of your data.
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// end::backup-warning[]
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+A copy of the data directories of a cluster's nodes does not work as a backup
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+because it is not a consistent representation of their contents at a single
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+point in time. You cannot fix this by shutting down nodes while making the
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+copies, nor by taking atomic filesystem-level snapshots, because {es} has
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+consistency requirements that span the whole cluster. You must use the built-in
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+snapshot functionality for cluster backups.
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+
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[discrete]
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[[snapshot-restore-version-compatibility]]
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=== Version compatibility
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@@ -116,4 +123,3 @@ include::monitor-snapshot-restore.asciidoc[]
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include::delete-snapshot.asciidoc[]
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include::../slm/index.asciidoc[]
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include::../searchable-snapshots/index.asciidoc[]
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-
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