Clarify the behavior of remote/info and resolve/cluster for connected status of remotes (#118993) (#121194)

docs/reference/cluster/remote-info.asciidoc

@@ -26,10 +26,18 @@ Returns configured remote cluster information.
 [[cluster-remote-info-api-desc]]
 ==== {api-description-title}
 
-The cluster remote info API allows you to retrieve all of the configured
-remote cluster information. It returns connection and endpoint information keyed
+The cluster remote info API allows you to retrieve information about configured
+remote clusters. It returns connection and endpoint information keyed
 by the configured remote cluster alias.
 
+TIP: This API returns information that reflects current state on the local cluster.
+The `connected` field does not necessarily reflect whether a remote cluster is
+down or unavailable, only whether there is currently an open connection to it.
+Elasticsearch does not spontaneously try to reconnect to a disconnected remote
+cluster. To trigger a reconnection, attempt a <<modules-cross-cluster-search,{ccs}>>,
+<<esql-cross-clusters,{esql} {ccs}>>, or try the
+<<indices-resolve-cluster-api,resolve cluster>> endpoint.
+
 
 [[cluster-remote-info-api-response-body]]
 ==== {api-response-body-title}
@@ -39,7 +47,10 @@ by the configured remote cluster alias.
     `proxy`.
 
 `connected`::
-	True if there is at least one connection to the remote cluster.
+    True if there is at least one open connection to the remote cluster. When
+    false, it means that the cluster no longer has an open connection to the
+    remote cluster. It does not necessarily mean that the remote cluster is
+    down or unavailable, just that at some point a connection was lost.
 
 `initial_connect_timeout`::
 	The initial connect timeout for remote cluster connections.

docs/reference/indices/resolve-cluster.asciidoc

@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ For the most up-to-date API details, refer to {api-es}/group/endpoint-indices[In
 --
 
 Resolves the specified index expressions to return information about
-each cluster, including the local "querying" cluster, if included. If no index expression
-is provided, this endpoint will return information about all the remote
-clusters that are configured on the querying cluster.
+each cluster, including the local "querying" cluster, if included.
 
 This endpoint is useful before doing a <<modules-cross-cluster-search,{ccs}>> in
 order to determine which remote clusters should be included in a search.
@@ -24,10 +22,12 @@ with this endpoint.
 
 For each cluster in scope, information is returned about:
 
-1. whether the querying ("local") cluster is currently connected to it
+1. whether the querying ("local") cluster was able to connect to each remote cluster
+   specified in the index expression. Note that this endpoint actively attempts to
+   contact the remote clusters, unlike the <<cluster-remote-info,remote/info>> endpoint.
 2. whether each remote cluster is configured with `skip_unavailable` as `true` or `false`
 3. whether there are any indices, aliases or data streams on that cluster that match
-   the index expression (if one provided)
+   the index expression
 4. whether the search is likely to have errors returned when you do a {ccs} (including any
    authorization errors if your user does not have permission to query a remote cluster or
    the indices on that cluster)
@@ -42,12 +42,6 @@ Once the proper security permissions are obtained, then you can rely on the `con
 in the response to determine whether the remote cluster is available and ready for querying.
 ====
 
-NOTE: When querying older clusters that do not support the _resolve/cluster endpoint
-without an index expression, the local cluster will send the index expression `dummy*`
-to those remote clusters, so if an errors occur, you may see a reference to that index
-expression even though you didn't request it. If it causes a problem, you can instead
-include an index expression like `*:*` to this endpoint to bypass the issue.
-
 ////
 [source,console]
 --------------------------------
@@ -77,14 +71,6 @@ PUT _cluster/settings
 // TEST[s/35.238.149.\d+:930\d+/\${transport_host}/]
 ////
 
-[source,console]
-----
-GET /_resolve/cluster
-----
-// TEST[continued]
-
-Returns information about all remote clusters configured on the local cluster.
-
 [source,console]
 ----
 GET /_resolve/cluster/my-index-*,cluster*:my-index-*
@@ -140,21 +126,28 @@ ignored when frozen. Defaults to `false`.
 +
 deprecated:[7.16.0]
 
-[TIP]
-====
-The index options above are only allowed when specifying an index expression.
-You will get an error if you specify index options to the _resolve/cluster API
-that takes no index expression.
-====
-
 
 [discrete]
 [[usecases-for-resolve-cluster]]
+=== Test availability of remote clusters
+
+The <<cluster-remote-info,remote/info>> endpoint is commonly used to test whether the "local"
+cluster (the cluster being queried) is connected to its remote clusters, but it does not
+necessarily reflect whether the remote cluster is available or not. The remote cluster may
+be available, while the local cluster is not currently connected to it.
+
+You can use the resolve-cluster API to attempt to reconnect to remote clusters
+(for example with `GET _resolve/cluster/*:*`) and
+the `connected` field in the response will indicate whether it was successful or not.
+If a connection was (re-)established, this will also cause the
+<<cluster-remote-info,remote/info>> endpoint to now indicate a connected status.
+
+
 === Advantages of using this endpoint before a {ccs}
 
 You may want to exclude a cluster or index from a search when:
 
-1. A remote cluster is not currently connected and is configured with `skip_unavailable`=`false`.
+1. A remote cluster could not be connected to and is configured with `skip_unavailable`=`false`.
 Executing a {ccs} under those conditions will cause
 <<cross-cluster-search-failures,the entire search to fail>>.
 
@@ -268,14 +261,7 @@ GET /_resolve/cluster/not-present,clust*:my-index*,oldcluster:*?ignore_unavailab
   },
   "cluster_two": {
     "connected": false,           <3>
-    "skip_unavailable": false,
-    "matching_indices": true,
-    "version": {
-      "number": "8.13.0",
-      "build_flavor": "default",
-      "minimum_wire_compatibility_version": "7.17.0",
-      "minimum_index_compatibility_version": "7.0.0"
-    }
+    "skip_unavailable": false
   },
   "oldcluster": {         <4>
     "connected": true,