[discrete]
[[esql-log]]
=== `LOG`

*Syntax*

[source,esql]
----
LOG([base,] value)
----

*Parameters*

`base`::
Numeric expression. If `null`, the function returns `null`. The base is an optional input parameter. If a base is not provided, this function returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a value.

`value`::
Numeric expression. If `null`, the function returns `null`.

*Description*

Returns the logarithm of a value to a base. The input can be any numeric value, the return value is always a double.

Logs of zero, negative numbers, infinites and base of one return `null` as well as a warning.

include::types/log.asciidoc[]

*Example*

[source.merge.styled,esql]
----
include::{esql-specs}/math.csv-spec[tag=log]
----
[%header.monospaced.styled,format=dsv,separator=|]
|===
include::{esql-specs}/math.csv-spec[tag=log-result]
|===

[source.merge.styled,esql]
----
include::{esql-specs}/math.csv-spec[tag=logUnary]
----
[%header.monospaced.styled,format=dsv,separator=|]
|===
include::{esql-specs}/math.csv-spec[tag=logUnary-result]
|===