elasticsearch/docs/reference/modules/cluster/misc.asciidoc

[[misc-cluster-settings]]
=== Miscellaneous cluster settings

[discrete]
[[cluster-read-only]]
==== Metadata

An entire cluster may be set to read-only with the following setting:

`cluster.blocks.read_only`::
      (<<dynamic-cluster-setting,Dynamic>>)
      Make the whole cluster read only (indices do not accept write
      operations), metadata is not allowed to be modified (create or delete
      indices).

`cluster.blocks.read_only_allow_delete`::
      (<<dynamic-cluster-setting,Dynamic>>)
      Identical to `cluster.blocks.read_only` but allows to delete indices
      to free up resources.

WARNING: Don't rely on this setting to prevent changes to your cluster. Any
user with access to the <<cluster-update-settings,cluster-update-settings>>
API can make the cluster read-write again.

[discrete]
[[cluster-shard-limit]]
==== Cluster shard limits

There is a limit on the number of shards in a cluster, based on the number of
nodes in the cluster. This is intended to prevent a runaway process from
creating too many shards which can harm performance and in extreme cases may
destabilize your cluster.

[IMPORTANT]
====

These limits are intended as a safety net to protect against runaway shard
creation and are not a sizing recommendation. The exact number of shards your
cluster can safely support depends on your hardware configuration and workload,
and may be smaller than the default limits.

We do not recommend increasing these limits beyond the defaults. Clusters with
more shards may appear to run well in normal operation, but may take a very
long time to recover from temporary disruptions such as a network partition or
an unexpected node restart, and may encounter problems when performing
maintenance activities such as a rolling restart or upgrade.

====

If an operation, such as creating a new index, restoring a snapshot of an
index, or opening a closed index would lead to the number of shards in the
cluster going over this limit, the operation will fail with an error indicating
the shard limit. To resolve this, either scale out your cluster by adding
nodes, or <<indices-delete-index,delete some indices>> to bring the number of
shards below the limit.

If a cluster is already over the limit, perhaps due to changes in node
membership or setting changes, all operations that create or open indices will
fail.

The cluster shard limit defaults to 1000 shards per non-frozen data node for
normal (non-frozen) indices and 3000 shards per frozen data node for frozen
indices. Both primary and replica shards of all open indices count toward the
limit, including unassigned shards. For example, an open index with 5 primary
shards and 2 replicas counts as 15 shards. Closed indices do not contribute to
the shard count.

You can dynamically adjust the cluster shard limit with the following setting:

[[cluster-max-shards-per-node]]
`cluster.max_shards_per_node`::
+
--
(<<dynamic-cluster-setting,Dynamic>>)
Limits the total number of primary and replica shards for the cluster. {es}
calculates the limit as follows:

`cluster.max_shards_per_node * number of non-frozen data nodes`

Shards for closed indices do not count toward this limit. Defaults to `1000`.
A cluster with no data nodes is unlimited.

{es} rejects any request that creates more shards than this limit allows. For
example, a cluster with a `cluster.max_shards_per_node` setting of `100` and
three data nodes has a shard limit of 300. If the cluster already contains 296
shards, {es} rejects any request that adds five or more shards to the cluster.

Note that if `cluster.max_shards_per_node` is set to a higher value than the
default, the limits for <<vm-max-map-count, mmap count>> and
<<file-descriptors, open file descriptors>> might also require adjustment.

Notice that frozen shards have their own independent limit.
--

[[cluster-max-shards-per-node-frozen]]
`cluster.max_shards_per_node.frozen`::
+
--
(<<dynamic-cluster-setting,Dynamic>>)
Limits the total number of primary and replica frozen shards for the cluster.
{es} calculates the limit as follows:

`cluster.max_shards_per_node.frozen * number of frozen data nodes`

Shards for closed indices do not count toward this limit. Defaults to `3000`.
A cluster with no frozen data nodes is unlimited.

{es} rejects any request that creates more frozen shards than this limit allows.
For example, a cluster with a `cluster.max_shards_per_node.frozen` setting of
`100` and three frozen data nodes has a frozen shard limit of 300. If the
cluster already contains 296 shards, {es} rejects any request that adds five or
more frozen shards to the cluster.
--

NOTE: These limits only apply to actions which create shards and do not limit
the number of shards assigned to each node. To limit the number of shards
assigned to each node, use the
<<cluster-total-shards-per-node,`cluster.routing.allocation.total_shards_per_node`>>
setting.

[discrete]
[[user-defined-data]]
==== User-defined cluster metadata

User-defined metadata can be stored and retrieved using the Cluster Settings API.
This can be used to store arbitrary, infrequently-changing data about the cluster
without the need to create an index to store it. This data may be stored using
any key prefixed with `cluster.metadata.`. For example, to store the email
address of the administrator of a cluster under the key `cluster.metadata.administrator`,
issue this request:

[source,console]
-------------------------------
PUT /_cluster/settings
{
  "persistent": {
    "cluster.metadata.administrator": "sysadmin@example.com"
  }
}
-------------------------------

IMPORTANT: User-defined cluster metadata is not intended to store sensitive or
confidential information. Any information stored in user-defined cluster
metadata will be viewable by anyone with access to the
<<cluster-get-settings,Cluster Get Settings>> API, and is recorded in the
{es} logs.

[discrete]
[[cluster-max-tombstones]]
==== Index tombstones

The cluster state maintains index tombstones to explicitly denote indices that
have been deleted. The number of tombstones maintained in the cluster state is
controlled by the following setting:

`cluster.indices.tombstones.size`::
(<<static-cluster-setting,Static>>)
Index tombstones prevent nodes that are not part of the cluster when a delete
occurs from joining the cluster and reimporting the index as though the delete
was never issued. To keep the cluster state from growing huge we only keep the
last `cluster.indices.tombstones.size` deletes, which defaults to 500. You can
increase it if you expect nodes to be absent from the cluster and miss more
than 500 deletes. We think that is rare, thus the default. Tombstones don't take
up much space, but we also think that a number like 50,000 is probably too big.

include::{es-ref-dir}/indices/dangling-indices-list.asciidoc[tag=dangling-index-description]
You can use the <<dangling-indices-api,Dangling indices API>> to manage
this situation.

[discrete]
[[cluster-logger]]
==== Logger

The settings which control logging can be updated <<dynamic-cluster-setting,dynamically>> with the
`logger.` prefix. For instance, to increase the logging level of the
`indices.recovery` module to `DEBUG`, issue this request:

[source,console]
-------------------------------
PUT /_cluster/settings
{
  "persistent": {
    "logger.org.elasticsearch.indices.recovery": "DEBUG"
  }
}
-------------------------------

[discrete]
[[persistent-tasks-allocation]]
==== Persistent tasks allocation

Plugins can create a kind of tasks called persistent tasks. Those tasks are
usually long-lived tasks and are stored in the cluster state, allowing the
tasks to be revived after a full cluster restart.

Every time a persistent task is created, the master node takes care of
assigning the task to a node of the cluster, and the assigned node will then
pick up the task and execute it locally. The process of assigning persistent
tasks to nodes is controlled by the following settings:

`cluster.persistent_tasks.allocation.enable`::
+
--
(<<dynamic-cluster-setting,Dynamic>>)
Enable or disable allocation for persistent tasks:

* `all` -             (default) Allows persistent tasks to be assigned to nodes
* `none` -            No allocations are allowed for any type of persistent task

This setting does not affect the persistent tasks that are already being executed.
Only newly created persistent tasks, or tasks that must be reassigned (after a node
left the cluster, for example), are impacted by this setting.
--

`cluster.persistent_tasks.allocation.recheck_interval`::
     (<<dynamic-cluster-setting,Dynamic>>)
     The master node will automatically check whether persistent tasks need to
     be assigned when the cluster state changes significantly. However, there
     may be other factors, such as memory usage, that affect whether persistent
     tasks can be assigned to nodes but do not cause the cluster state to change.
     This setting controls how often assignment checks are performed to react to
     these factors. The default is 30 seconds. The minimum permitted value is 10
     seconds.