elasticsearch/docs/reference/sql/functions/index.asciidoc

[role="xpack"]
[testenv="basic"]
[[sql-functions]]
== Functions and Operators

{es-sql} provides a number of built-in operators and functions.

=== Comparison Operators

{es-sql} supports the following comparison operators:

* Equality (`=`)

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* Inequality (`<>` or `!=` or `<=>`)

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* Comparison (`<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`)

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* `BETWEEN`

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* `IS NULL`/`IS NOT NULL`

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=== Logical Operators

{es-sql} supports the following logical operators:

* `AND`

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* `OR`

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* `NOT`

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=== Math Operators

{es-sql} supports the following math operators:

* Add (`+`)

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* Subtract (infix `-`)

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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/arithmetic.sql-spec[minus]
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* Negate (unary `-`)

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include-tagged::{sql-specs}/arithmetic.sql-spec[unaryMinus]
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* Multiply (`*`)

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* Divide (`/`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation[Modulo] or Reminder(`%`)

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=== Math Functions

All math and trigonometric functions require their input (where applicable)
to be numeric.

==== Generic

* `ABS`

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_value[Absolute value], returns \[same type as input]

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* `CBRT`

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_root[Cube root], returns `double`

// TODO make the example in the tests presentable

* `CEIL`

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions[Ceiling], returns `double`

* `CEILING`

Same as `CEIL`

// TODO make the example in the tests presentable

* `E`

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_%28mathematical_constant%29[Euler's number], returns `2.7182818284590452354`


* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_up[Round] (`ROUND`)

// TODO make the example in the tests presentable

NOTE: This rounds "half up" meaning that `ROUND(-1.5)` results in `-1`.


* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions[Floor] (`FLOOR`)

// TODO make the example in the tests presentable

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm[Natural logarithm] (`LOG`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithm[Logarithm] base 10 (`LOG10`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root[Square root] (`SQRT`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_function[e^x^] (`EXP`)

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* https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Math.html#expm1-double-[e^x^ - 1] (`EXPM1`)

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==== Trigonometric

* Convert from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian[radians]
to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)[degrees] (`DEGREES`)

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* Convert from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(angle)[degrees]
to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian[radians] (`RADIANS`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#sine[Sine] (`SIN`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#cosine[Cosine] (`COS`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#tangent[Tangent] (`TAN`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[Arc sine] (`ASIN`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[Arc cosine] (`ACOS`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_trigonometric_functions[Arc tangent] (`ATAN`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function[Hyperbolic sine] (`SINH`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_function[Hyperbolic cosine] (`COSH`)

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[[sql-functions-datetime]]
=== Date and Time Functions

* Extract the year from a date (`YEAR`)

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* Extract the month of the year from a date (`MONTH_OF_YEAR` or `MONTH`)

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* Extract the week of the year from a date (`WEEK_OF_YEAR` or `WEEK`)

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* Extract the day of the year from a date (`DAY_OF_YEAR` or `DOY`)

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* Extract the day of the month from a date (`DAY_OF_MONTH`, `DOM`, or `DAY`)

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* Extract the day of the week from a date (`DAY_OF_WEEK` or `DOW`).
Monday is `1`, Tuesday is `2`, etc.

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* Extract the hour of the day from a date (`HOUR_OF_DAY` or `HOUR`).
Monday is `1`, Tuesday is `2`, etc.

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* Extract the minute of the day from a date (`MINUTE_OF_DAY`).

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* Extract the minute of the hour from a date (`MINUTE_OF_HOUR`, `MINUTE`).

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* Extract the second of the minute from a date (`SECOND_OF_MINUTE`, `SECOND`).

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* Extract

As an alternative, one can support `EXTRACT` to extract fields from datetimes.
You can run any <<sql-functions-datetime,datetime function>>
with `EXTRACT(<datetime_function> FROM <expression>)`. So

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is the equivalent to

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[[sql-functions-aggregate]]
=== Aggregate Functions

==== Basic

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_mean[Average] (`AVG`)

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* Count the number of matching fields (`COUNT`)

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* Count the number of distinct values in matching documents (`COUNT(DISTINCT`)

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* Find the maximum value in matching documents (`MAX`)

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* Find the minimum value in matching documents (`MIN`)

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* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahan_summation_algorithm[Sum]
all values of matching documents (`SUM`).

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