elasticsearch/docs/reference/indices/aliases.asciidoc

[[indices-aliases]]
== Index Aliases

APIs in elasticsearch accept an index name when working against a
specific index, and several indices when applicable. The index aliases
API allow to alias an index with a name, with all APIs automatically
converting the alias name to the actual index name. An alias can also be
mapped to more than one index, and when specifying it, the alias will
automatically expand to the aliases indices. An alias can also be
associated with a filter that will automatically be applied when
searching, and routing values. An alias cannot have the same name as an index.

Here is a sample of associating the alias `alias1` with index `test1`:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[s/^/PUT test1\nPUT test2\n/]

An alias can also be removed, for example:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "remove" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

Renaming an alias is a simple `remove` then `add` operation within the
same API. This operation is atomic, no need to worry about a short
period of time where the alias does not point to an index:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "remove" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } },
        { "add" : { "index" : "test2", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

Associating an alias with more than one index are simply several `add`
actions:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add" : { "index" : "test1", "alias" : "alias1" } },
        { "add" : { "index" : "test2", "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[s/^/PUT test1\nPUT test2\n/]

Multiple indices can be specified for an action with the `indices` array syntax:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add" : { "indices" : ["test1", "test2"], "alias" : "alias1" } }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[s/^/PUT test1\nPUT test2\n/]

To specify multiple aliases in one action, the corresponding `aliases` array
syntax exists as well.

For the example above, a glob pattern can also be used to associate an alias to
more than one index that share a common name:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        { "add" : { "index" : "test*", "alias" : "all_test_indices" } }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[s/^/PUT test1\nPUT test2\n/]

In this case, the alias is a point-in-time alias that will group all
current indices that match, it will not automatically update as new
indices that match this pattern are added/removed.

It is an error to index to an alias which points to more than one index.

[float]
[[filtered]]
=== Filtered Aliases

Aliases with filters provide an easy way to create different "views" of
the same index. The filter can be defined using Query DSL and is applied
to all Search, Count, Delete By Query and More Like This operations with
this alias.

To create a filtered alias, first we need to ensure that the fields already
exist in the mapping:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT /test1
{
  "mappings": {
    "type1": {
      "properties": {
        "user" : {
          "type": "keyword"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE

Now we can create an alias that uses a filter on field `user`:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test1",
                 "alias" : "alias2",
                 "filter" : { "term" : { "user" : "kimchy" } }
            }
        }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

[float]
[[aliases-routing]]
==== Routing

It is possible to associate routing values with aliases. This feature
can be used together with filtering aliases in order to avoid
unnecessary shard operations.

The following command creates a new alias `alias1` that points to index
`test`. After `alias1` is created, all operations with this alias are
automatically modified to use value `1` for routing:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test",
                 "alias" : "alias1",
                 "routing" : "1"
            }
        }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[s/^/PUT test\n/]

It's also possible to specify different routing values for searching
and indexing operations:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
POST /_aliases
{
    "actions" : [
        {
            "add" : {
                 "index" : "test",
                 "alias" : "alias2",
                 "search_routing" : "1,2",
                 "index_routing" : "2"
            }
        }
    ]
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[s/^/PUT test\n/]

As shown in the example above, search routing may contain several values
separated by comma. Index routing can contain only a single value.

If a search operation that uses routing alias also has a routing parameter, an
intersection of both search alias routing and routing specified in the
parameter is used. For example the following command will use "2" as a
routing value:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
GET /alias2/_search?q=user:kimchy&routing=2,3
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

If an index operation that uses index routing alias also has a parent routing, the
parent routing is ignored.

[float]
[[alias-adding]]
=== Add a single alias

An alias can also be added with the endpoint

`PUT /{index}/_alias/{name}`


where

[horizontal]
`index`::   The index the alias refers to. Can be any of `* | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …`
`name`::   The name of the alias. This is a required option.
`routing`:: An optional routing that can be associated with an alias.
`filter`::  An optional filter that can be associated with an alias.

You can also use the plural `_aliases`.

[float]
==== Examples:

Adding time based alias::
+
--
[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT /logs_201305/_alias/2013
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[s/^/PUT logs_201305\n/]
--

Adding a user alias::
+
--
First create the index and add a mapping for the `user_id` field:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT /users
{
    "mappings" : {
        "user" : {
            "properties" : {
                "user_id" : {"type" : "integer"}
            }
        }
    }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE

Then add the alias for a specific user:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT /users/_alias/user_12
{
    "routing" : "12",
    "filter" : {
        "term" : {
            "user_id" : 12
        }
    }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

--

[float]
[[alias-index-creation]]
=== Aliases during index creation

Aliases can also be specified during <<create-index-aliases,index creation>>:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
PUT /logs_20162801
{
    "mappings" : {
        "type" : {
            "properties" : {
                "year" : {"type" : "integer"}
            }
        }
    },
    "aliases" : {
        "current_day" : {},
        "2016" : {
            "filter" : {
                "term" : {"year" : 2016 }
            }
        }
    }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE

[float]
[[deleting]]
=== Delete aliases


The rest endpoint is: `/{index}/_alias/{name}`

where

[horizontal]
`index`::  `* | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …`
`name`::  `* | _all | glob pattern | name1, name2, …`

Alternatively you can use the plural `_aliases`. Example:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
DELETE /logs_20162801/_alias/current_day
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

[float]
[[alias-retrieving]]
=== Retrieving existing aliases

The get index alias api allows to filter by
alias name and index name. This api redirects to the master and fetches
the requested index aliases, if available. This api only serialises the
found index aliases.

Possible options:
[horizontal]
`index`::
    The index name to get aliases for. Partially names are
    supported via wildcards, also multiple index names can be specified
    separated with a comma. Also the alias name for an index can be used.

`alias`::
    The name of alias to return in the response. Like the index
    option, this option supports wildcards and the option the specify
    multiple alias names separated by a comma.

`ignore_unavailable`::
    What to do if an specified index name doesn't
    exist. If set to `true` then those indices are ignored.

The rest endpoint is: `/{index}/_alias/{alias}`.

[float]
==== Examples:

All aliases for the index users:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
GET /logs_20162801/_alias/*
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

Response:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
 "logs_20162801" : {
   "aliases" : {
     "2016" : {
       "filter" : {
         "term" : {
           "year" : 2016
         }
       }
     }
   }
 }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// TESTRESPONSE

All aliases with the name 2016 in any index:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
GET /_alias/2016
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

Response:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
  "logs_20162801" : {
    "aliases" : {
      "2016" : {
        "filter" : {
          "term" : {
            "year" : 2016
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// TESTRESPONSE

All aliases that start with 20 in any index:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
GET /_alias/20*
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]

Response:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
{
  "logs_20162801" : {
    "aliases" : {
      "2016" : {
        "filter" : {
          "term" : {
            "year" : 2016
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
--------------------------------------------------
// TESTRESPONSE

There is also a HEAD variant of the get indices aliases api to check if
index aliases exist. The indices aliases exists api supports the same
option as the get indices aliases api. Examples:

[source,js]
--------------------------------------------------
HEAD /_alias/2016
HEAD /_alias/20*
HEAD /logs_20162801/_alias/*
--------------------------------------------------
// CONSOLE
// TEST[continued]