elasticsearch/docs/reference/esql/esql-syntax.asciidoc

[[esql-syntax]]
=== {esql} syntax reference

++++
<titleabbrev>Syntax reference</titleabbrev>
++++

[discrete]
[[esql-basic-syntax]]
=== Basic syntax

An {esql} query is composed of a <<esql-commands,source_command>> followed
by an optional series of <<esql-commands,processing commands>>,
separated by a pipe character: `|`. For example:

[source,esql]
----
source-command
| processing-command1
| processing-command2
----

The result of a query is the table produced by the final processing command.

For an overview of all supported commands, functions, and operators, refer to <<esql-commands>> and <<esql-functions-operators>>.

[NOTE]
====
For readability, this documentation puts each processing command on a new
line. However, you can write an {esql} query as a single line. The following
query is identical to the previous one:

[source,esql]
----
source-command | processing-command1 | processing-command2
----
====

[discrete]
[[esql-comments]]
==== Comments
{esql} uses C++ style comments:

* double slash `//` for single line comments
* `/*` and `*/` for block comments

[source,esql]
----
// Query the employees index
FROM employees
| WHERE height > 2
----

[source,esql]
----
FROM /* Query the employees index */ employees
| WHERE height > 2
----

[source,esql]
----
FROM employees
/* Query the
 * employees
 * index */
| WHERE height > 2
----

[discrete]
[[esql-timespan-literals]]
==== Timespan literals

Datetime intervals and timespans can be expressed using timespan literals.
Timespan literals are a combination of a number and a qualifier. These
qualifiers are supported:

* `millisecond`/`milliseconds`
* `second`/`seconds`
* `minute`/`minutes`
* `hour`/`hours`
* `day`/`days`
* `week`/`weeks`
* `month`/`months`
* `year`/`years`

Timespan literals are not whitespace sensitive. These expressions are all valid:

* `1day`
* `1 day`
* `1       day`