elasticsearch/docs/java-rest/high-level/document/update.asciidoc

[[java-rest-high-document-update]]
=== Update API

[[java-rest-high-document-update-request]]
==== Update Request

An `UpdateRequest` requires the following arguments:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request]
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<1> Index
<2> Type
<3> Document id

The Update API allows to update an existing document by using a script
or by passing a partial document.

==== Updates with a script
The script can be provided as an inline script:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-with-inline-script]
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<1> Script parameters provided as a `Map` of objects
<2> Create an inline script using the `painless` language and the previous parameters
<3> Sets the script to the update request

Or as a stored script:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-with-stored-script]
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<1> Reference to a script stored under the name `increment-field` in the `painless` language
<2> Sets the script in the update request

==== Updates with a partial document
When using updates with a partial document, the partial document will be merged with the
existing document.

The partial document can be provided in different ways:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-with-doc-as-string]
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<1> Partial document source provided as a `String` in JSON format

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-with-doc-as-map]
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<1> Partial document source provided as a `Map` which gets automatically converted
to JSON format

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-with-doc-as-xcontent]
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<1> Partial document source provided as an `XContentBuilder` object, the Elasticsearch
built-in helpers to generate JSON content

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-shortcut]
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<1> Partial document source provided as `Object` key-pairs, which gets converted to
JSON format

==== Upserts
If the document does not already exist, it is possible to define some content that
will be inserted as a new document using the `upsert` method:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-upsert]
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<1> Upsert document source provided as a `String`

Similarly to the partial document updates, the content of the `upsert` document
can be defined using methods that accept `String`, `Map`, `XContentBuilder` or
`Object` key-pairs.

==== Optional arguments
The following arguments can optionally be provided:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-routing]
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<1> Routing value

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-timeout]
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<1> Timeout to wait for primary shard to become available as a `TimeValue`
<2> Timeout to wait for primary shard to become available as a `String`

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-refresh]
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<1> Refresh policy as a `WriteRequest.RefreshPolicy` instance
<2> Refresh policy as a `String`

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-retry]
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<1> How many times to retry the update operation if the document to update has
been changed by another operation between the get and indexing phases of the
update operation

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-no-source]
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<1> Enable source retrieval, disabled by default

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-source-include]
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<1> Configure source inclusion for specific fields

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-source-exclude]
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<1> Configure source exclusion for specific fields

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-version]
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<1> Version

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-detect-noop]
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<1> Disable the noop detection

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-scripted-upsert]
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<1> Indicate that the script must run regardless of whether the document exists or not,
ie the script takes care of creating the document if it does not already exist.

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-doc-upsert]
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<1> Indicate that the partial document must be used as the upsert document if it
does not exist yet.

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-request-active-shards]
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<1> Sets the number of shard copies that must be active before proceeding with
the update operation.
<2> Number of shard copies provided as a `ActiveShardCount`: can be `ActiveShardCount.ALL`,
`ActiveShardCount.ONE` or `ActiveShardCount.DEFAULT` (default)

[[java-rest-high-document-update-sync]]
==== Synchronous Execution

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-execute]
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[[java-rest-high-document-update-async]]
==== Asynchronous Execution

The asynchronous execution of an update request requires both the `UpdateRequest`
instance and an `ActionListener` instance to be passed to the asynchronous
method:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-execute-async]
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<1> The `UpdateRequest` to execute and the `ActionListener` to use when
the execution completes

The asynchronous method does not block and returns immediately. Once it is
completed the `ActionListener` is called back using the `onResponse` method
if the execution successfully completed or using the `onFailure` method if
it failed.

A typical listener for `UpdateResponse` looks like:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-execute-listener]
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<1> Called when the execution is successfully completed. The response is
provided as an argument.
<2> Called in case of failure. The raised exception is provided as an argument.

[[java-rest-high-document-update-response]]
==== Update Response

The returned `UpdateResponse` allows to retrieve information about the executed
 operation as follows:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-response]
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<1> Handle the case where the document was created for the first time (upsert)
<2> Handle the case where the document was updated
<3> Handle the case where the document was deleted
<4> Handle the case where the document was not impacted by the update,
ie no operation (noop) was executed on the document

When the source retrieval is enabled in the `UpdateRequest`
through the fetchSource method, the response contains the
source of the updated document:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-getresult]
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<1> Retrieve the updated document as a `GetResult`
<2> Retrieve the source of the updated document as a `String`
<3> Retrieve the source of the updated document as a `Map<String, Object>`
<4> Retrieve the source of the updated document as a `byte[]`
<5> Handle the scenario where the source of the document is not present in
the response (this is the case by default)

It is also possible to check for shard failures:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-failure]
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<1> Handle the situation where number of successful shards is less than
total shards
<2> Handle the potential failures

When a `UpdateRequest` is performed against a document that does not exist,
the response has `404` status code, an `ElasticsearchException` gets thrown
which needs to be handled as follows:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-docnotfound]
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<1> Handle the exception thrown because the document not exist

If there is a version conflict, an `ElasticsearchException` will
be thrown:

["source","java",subs="attributes,callouts,macros"]
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include-tagged::{doc-tests}/CRUDDocumentationIT.java[update-conflict]
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<1> The raised exception indicates that a version conflict error was returned.