elasticsearch/docs/reference/esql/esql-lookup-join.asciidoc

=== LOOKUP JOIN

++++
<titleabbrev>Correlate data with LOOKUP JOIN</titleabbrev>
++++

The {esql} <<esql-lookup-join,LOOKUP join>>
processing command combines data from your {esql} query results
table with matching records from a specified lookup index. It adds
fields from the lookup index as new columns to your results table based
on matching values in the join field.

Teams often have data scattered across multiple indices – like logs,
IPs, user IDs, hosts, employees etc. Without a direct way to enrich or
correlate each event with reference data, root-cause analysis, security
checks, and operational insights become time-consuming.

For example, you can use `LOOKUP JOIN` to:

* Retrieve environment or ownership details for each host to correlate
your metrics data.
* Quickly see if any source IPs match known malicious addresses.
* Tag logs with the owning team or escalation info for faster triage and
incident response.

<<esql-lookup-join,LOOKUP join>> is similar to <<esql-enrich-data,ENRICH>>
in the fact that they both help you join data together. You should use
`LOOKUP JOIN` when:

* Your enrichment data changes frequently
* You want to avoid index-time processing
* You want SQL-like behavior, so that multiple matches result in multiple rows
* You need to match on any field in a lookup index
* You use document or field level security
* You want to restrict users to use only specific lookup indices
* You do not need to match using ranges or spatial relations

[discrete]
[[esql-how-lookup-join-works]]
==== How the `LOOKUP JOIN` command works

The `LOOKUP JOIN` command adds new columns to a table, with data from
{es} indices.

image::images/esql/esql-lookup-join.png[align="center"]

[[esql-lookup-join-lookup-index]]
lookup_index::
The name of the lookup index. This must
be a specific index name - wildcards, aliases, and remote cluster
references are not supported.

[[esql-lookup-join-field-name]]
field_name::
The field to join on. This field must exist
in both your current query results and in the lookup index. If the field
contains multi-valued entries, those entries will not match anything
(the added fields will contain `null` for those rows).

[discrete]
[[esql-lookup-join-example]]
==== Example

`LOOKUP JOIN` has left-join behavior. If no rows match in the lookup index, `LOOKUP JOIN` retains the incoming row and adds nulls. If many rows in the lookup index match, `LOOKUP JOIN` adds one row per match.

In this example, we have two sample tables:

*employees*

[cols=",,,,,",options="header",]
|===
|birth++_++date |emp++_++no |first++_++name |gender |hire++_++date
|language
|1955-10-04T00:00:00Z |10091 |Amabile |M |1992-11-18T00:00:00Z |3

|1964-10-18T00:00:00Z |10092 |Valdiodio |F |1989-09-22T00:00:00Z |1

|1964-06-11T00:00:00Z |10093 |Sailaja |M |1996-11-05T00:00:00Z |3

|1957-05-25T00:00:00Z |10094 |Arumugam |F |1987-04-18T00:00:00Z |5

|1965-01-03T00:00:00Z |10095 |Hilari |M |1986-07-15T00:00:00Z |4
|===

*languages++_++non++_++unique++_++key*

[cols=",,",options="header",]
|===
|language++_++code |language++_++name |country
|1 |English |Canada
|1 |English |
|1 | |United Kingdom
|1 |English |United States of America
|2 |German |++[++Germany{vbar}Austria++]++
|2 |German |Switzerland
|2 |German |
|4 |Quenya |
|5 | |Atlantis
|++[++6{vbar}7++]++ |Mv-Lang |Mv-Land
|++[++7{vbar}8++]++ |Mv-Lang2 |Mv-Land2
|Null-Lang |Null-Land |
|Null-Lang2 |Null-Land2 |
|===

Running the following query would provide the results shown below.

[source,esql]
----
FROM employees
| EVAL language_code = emp_no % 10
| LOOKUP JOIN languages_lookup_non_unique_key ON language_code
| WHERE emp_no > 10090 AND emp_no < 10096
| SORT emp_no, country
| KEEP emp_no, language_code, language_name, country;
----

[cols=",,,",options="header",]
|===
|emp++_++no |language++_++code |language++_++name |country
|10091 |1 |English |Canada
|10091 |1 |null |United Kingdom
|10091 |1 |English |United States of America
|10091 |1 |English |null
|10092 |2 |German |++[++Germany, Austria++]++
|10092 |2 |German |Switzerland
|10092 |2 |German |null
|10093 |3 |null |null
|10094 |4 |Spanish |null
|10095 |5 |null |France
|===

[IMPORTANT]
====
`LOOKUP JOIN` does not guarantee the output to be in
any particular order. If a certain order is required, users should use a
<<esql-sort,`SORT`>> somewhere after the `LOOKUP JOIN`.
====

[discrete]
[[esql-lookup-join-prereqs]]
==== Prerequisites

To use `LOOKUP JOIN`, the following requirements must be met:

* *Compatible data types*: The join key and join field in the lookup
index must have compatible data types. This means:
** The data types must either be identical or be internally represented
as the same type in {esql}
** Numeric types follow these compatibility rules:
*** `short` and `byte` are compatible with `integer` (all represented as
`int`)
*** `float`, `half_float`, and `scaled_float` are compatible
with `double` (all represented as `double`)
** For text fields: You can only use text fields as the join key on the
left-hand side of the join and only if they have a `.keyword` subfield

To obtain a join key with a compatible type, use a
<<esql-type-conversion-functions,conversion function>> if needed.

For a complete list of supported data types and their internal
representations, see the <<esql-supported-types,Supported Field Types documentation>>.

[discrete]
[[esql-lookup-join-limitations]]
==== Limitations

The following are the current limitations with `LOOKUP JOIN`

* Indices in <<index-mode-setting,lookup>> mode are always single-sharded.
* Cross cluster search is unsupported initially. Both source and lookup indices
must be local.
* Currently, only matching on equality is supported.
* `LOOKUP JOIN` can only use a single match field and a single index.
Wildcards, aliases, datemath, and datastreams are not supported.
* The name of the match field in
`LOOKUP JOIN lu++_++idx ON match++_++field` must match an existing field
in the query. This may require renames or evals to achieve.
* The query will circuit break if there are too many matching documents
in the lookup index, or if the documents are too large. More precisely,
`LOOKUP JOIN` works in batches of, normally, about 10,000 rows; a large
amount of heap space is needed if the matching documents from the lookup
index for a batch are multiple megabytes or larger. This is roughly the
same as for `ENRICH`.