rt-thread/libcpu/arm/cortex-a/backtrace.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2022, RT-Thread Development Team
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 *
 * Change Logs:
 * Date           Author       Notes
 * 2019-03-29     Jesven       the first version
 */

#ifndef __CHECKER__
#if !defined (__ARM_EABI__)
#warning Your compiler does not have EABI support.
#warning    ARM unwind is known to compile only with EABI compilers.
#warning    Change compiler or disable ARM_UNWIND option.
#elif (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 2) && !defined(__clang__)
#warning Your compiler is too buggy; it is known to not compile ARM unwind support.
#warning    Change compiler or disable ARM_UNWIND option.
#endif
#endif /* __CHECKER__ */

#include <rtthread.h>
#include <rthw.h>
#include <backtrace.h>

#define DBG_TAG    "BACKTRACE"
#define DBG_LVL    DBG_INFO
#include <rtdbg.h>

#ifdef RT_USING_SMART
#include <lwp.h>
#include <lwp_user_mm.h>
#include <lwp_arch.h>
#endif

rt_inline void arm_get_current_stackframe(struct pt_regs *regs, struct stackframe *frame)
{
    frame->fp = frame_pointer(regs);
    frame->sp = regs->ARM_sp;
    frame->lr = regs->ARM_lr;
    frame->pc = regs->ARM_pc;
}

struct unwind_ctrl_block {
    unsigned long vrs[16];      /* virtual register set */
    const unsigned long *insn;  /* pointer to the current instructions word */
    unsigned long sp_high;      /* highest value of sp allowed */
    /*
     * 1 : check for stack overflow for each register pop.
     * 0 : save overhead if there is plenty of stack remaining.
     */
    int check_each_pop;
    int entries;            /* number of entries left to interpret */
    int byte;           /* current byte number in the instructions word */
};

enum regs
{
#ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
    FP = 7,
#else
    FP = 11,
#endif
    SP = 13,
    LR = 14,
    PC = 15
};

static int core_kernel_text(unsigned long addr)
{
    return 1;
}

/* Convert a prel31 symbol to an absolute address */
#define prel31_to_addr(ptr)                     \
    ({                                          \
     /* sign-extend to 32 bits */               \
     long offset = (((long)*(ptr)) << 1) >> 1;  \
     (unsigned long)(ptr) + offset;             \
     })

/*
 * Binary search in the unwind index. The entries are
 * guaranteed to be sorted in ascending order by the linker.
 *
 * start = first entry
 * origin = first entry with positive offset (or stop if there is no such entry)
 * stop - 1 = last entry
 */
static const struct unwind_idx *search_index(unsigned long addr,
        const struct unwind_idx *start,
        const struct unwind_idx *origin,
        const struct unwind_idx *stop)
{
    unsigned long addr_prel31;

    LOG_D("%s(%08lx, %x, %x, %x)",
            __func__, addr, start, origin, stop);

    /*
     * only search in the section with the matching sign. This way the
     * prel31 numbers can be compared as unsigned longs.
     */
    if (addr < (unsigned long)start)
        /* negative offsets: [start; origin) */
        stop = origin;
    else
        /* positive offsets: [origin; stop) */
        start = origin;

    /* prel31 for address relavive to start */
    addr_prel31 = (addr - (unsigned long)start) & 0x7fffffff;

    while (start < stop - 1)
    {
        const struct unwind_idx *mid = start + ((stop - start) >> 1);

        /*
         * As addr_prel31 is relative to start an offset is needed to
         * make it relative to mid.
         */
        if (addr_prel31 - ((unsigned long)mid - (unsigned long)start) <
                mid->addr_offset)
            stop = mid;
        else
        {
            /* keep addr_prel31 relative to start */
            addr_prel31 -= ((unsigned long)mid -
                    (unsigned long)start);
            start = mid;
        }
    }

    if (start->addr_offset <= addr_prel31)
        return start;
    else
    {
        LOG_W("unwind: Unknown symbol address %08lx", addr);
        return RT_NULL;
    }
}

static const struct unwind_idx *unwind_find_origin(
        const struct unwind_idx *start, const struct unwind_idx *stop)
{
    LOG_D("%s(%x, %x)", __func__, start, stop);
    while (start < stop)
    {
        const struct unwind_idx *mid = start + ((stop - start) >> 1);

        if (mid->addr_offset >= 0x40000000)
            /* negative offset */
            start = mid + 1;
        else
            /* positive offset */
            stop = mid;
    }
    LOG_D("%s -> %x", __func__, stop);
    return stop;
}

static const struct unwind_idx *unwind_find_idx(unsigned long addr, const struct unwind_idx **origin_idx, const struct unwind_idx exidx_start[], const struct unwind_idx exidx_end[])
{
    const struct unwind_idx *idx = RT_NULL;

    LOG_D("%s(%08lx)", __func__, addr);

    if (core_kernel_text(addr))
    {
        if (!*origin_idx)
            *origin_idx =
                unwind_find_origin(exidx_start,
                        exidx_end);

        /* main unwind table */
        idx = search_index(addr, exidx_start,
                *origin_idx,
                exidx_end);
    }

    LOG_D("%s: idx = %x", __func__, idx);
    return idx;
}

static unsigned long unwind_get_byte(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl)
{
    unsigned long ret;

    if (ctrl->entries <= 0)
    {
        LOG_W("unwind: Corrupt unwind table");
        return 0;
    }

    ret = (*ctrl->insn >> (ctrl->byte * 8)) & 0xff;

    if (ctrl->byte == 0)
    {
        ctrl->insn++;
        ctrl->entries--;
        ctrl->byte = 3;
    }
    else
        ctrl->byte--;

    return ret;
}

/* Before poping a register check whether it is feasible or not */
static int unwind_pop_register(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
        unsigned long **vsp, unsigned int reg)
{
    if (ctrl->check_each_pop)
        if (*vsp >= (unsigned long *)ctrl->sp_high)
            return -URC_FAILURE;

    ctrl->vrs[reg] = *(*vsp)++;
    return URC_OK;
}

/* Helper functions to execute the instructions */
static int unwind_exec_pop_subset_r4_to_r13(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
        unsigned long mask)
{
    unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
    int load_sp, reg = 4;

    load_sp = mask & (1 << (13 - 4));
    while (mask)
    {
        if (mask & 1)
            if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
                return -URC_FAILURE;
        mask >>= 1;
        reg++;
    }
    if (!load_sp)
        ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;

    return URC_OK;
}

static int unwind_exec_pop_r4_to_rN(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
        unsigned long insn)
{
    unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
    int reg;

    /* pop R4-R[4+bbb] */
    for (reg = 4; reg <= 4 + (insn & 7); reg++)
        if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
            return -URC_FAILURE;

    if (insn & 0x8)
        if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, 14))
            return -URC_FAILURE;

    ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;

    return URC_OK;
}

static int unwind_exec_pop_subset_r0_to_r3(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl,
        unsigned long mask)
{
    unsigned long *vsp = (unsigned long *)ctrl->vrs[SP];
    int reg = 0;

    /* pop R0-R3 according to mask */
    while (mask)
    {
        if (mask & 1)
            if (unwind_pop_register(ctrl, &vsp, reg))
                return -URC_FAILURE;
        mask >>= 1;
        reg++;
    }
    ctrl->vrs[SP] = (unsigned long)vsp;

    return URC_OK;
}

/*
 * Execute the current unwind instruction.
 */
static int unwind_exec_insn(struct unwind_ctrl_block *ctrl)
{
    unsigned long insn = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
    int ret = URC_OK;

    LOG_D("%s: insn = %08lx", __func__, insn);

    if ((insn & 0xc0) == 0x00)
        ctrl->vrs[SP] += ((insn & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
    else if ((insn & 0xc0) == 0x40)
        ctrl->vrs[SP] -= ((insn & 0x3f) << 2) + 4;
    else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0x80)
    {
        unsigned long mask;

        insn = (insn << 8) | unwind_get_byte(ctrl);
        mask = insn & 0x0fff;
        if (mask == 0)
        {
            LOG_W("unwind: 'Refuse to unwind' instruction %04lx",
                    insn);
            return -URC_FAILURE;
        }

        ret = unwind_exec_pop_subset_r4_to_r13(ctrl, mask);
        if (ret)
            goto error;
    }
    else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0x90 &&
            (insn & 0x0d) != 0x0d)
        ctrl->vrs[SP] = ctrl->vrs[insn & 0x0f];
    else if ((insn & 0xf0) == 0xa0)
    {
        ret = unwind_exec_pop_r4_to_rN(ctrl, insn);
        if (ret)
            goto error;
    }
    else if (insn == 0xb0)
    {
        if (ctrl->vrs[PC] == 0)
            ctrl->vrs[PC] = ctrl->vrs[LR];
        /* no further processing */
        ctrl->entries = 0;
    }
    else if (insn == 0xb1)
    {
        unsigned long mask = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);

        if (mask == 0 || mask & 0xf0)
        {
            LOG_W("unwind: Spare encoding %04lx",
                    (insn << 8) | mask);
            return -URC_FAILURE;
        }

        ret = unwind_exec_pop_subset_r0_to_r3(ctrl, mask);
        if (ret)
            goto error;
    }
    else if (insn == 0xb2)
    {
        unsigned long uleb128 = unwind_get_byte(ctrl);

        ctrl->vrs[SP] += 0x204 + (uleb128 << 2);
    }
    else
    {
        LOG_W("unwind: Unhandled instruction %02lx", insn);
        return -URC_FAILURE;
    }

    LOG_D("%s: fp = %08lx sp = %08lx lr = %08lx pc = %08lx", __func__,
            ctrl->vrs[FP], ctrl->vrs[SP], ctrl->vrs[LR], ctrl->vrs[PC]);

error:
    return ret;
}

#ifdef RT_BACKTRACE_FUNCTION_NAME
static char *unwind_get_function_name(void *address)
{
    uint32_t flag_word = *(uint32_t *)((char*)address - 4);

    if ((flag_word & 0xff000000) == 0xff000000)
    {
        return (char *)((char*)address - 4 - (flag_word & 0x00ffffff));
    }
    return RT_NULL;
}
#endif

/*
 * Unwind a single frame starting with *sp for the symbol at *pc. It
 * updates the *pc and *sp with the new values.
 */
int unwind_frame(struct stackframe *frame, const struct unwind_idx **origin_idx, const struct unwind_idx exidx_start[], const struct unwind_idx exidx_end[])
{
    unsigned long low;
    const struct unwind_idx *idx;
    struct unwind_ctrl_block ctrl;
    struct rt_thread *rt_c_thread;

    /* store the highest address on the stack to avoid crossing it*/
    low = frame->sp;
    rt_c_thread = rt_thread_self();
    ctrl.sp_high = (unsigned long)((char*)rt_c_thread->stack_addr + rt_c_thread->stack_size);

    LOG_D("%s(pc = %08lx lr = %08lx sp = %08lx)", __func__,
            frame->pc, frame->lr, frame->sp);

    idx = unwind_find_idx(frame->pc, origin_idx, exidx_start, exidx_end);
    if (!idx)
    {
        LOG_W("unwind: Index not found %08lx", frame->pc);
        return -URC_FAILURE;
    }

#ifdef RT_BACKTRACE_FUNCTION_NAME
    {
        char *fun_name;
        fun_name = unwind_get_function_name((void *)prel31_to_addr(&idx->addr_offset));
        if (fun_name)
        {
            rt_kprintf("0x%08x @ %s\n", frame->pc, fun_name);
        }
    }
#endif

    ctrl.vrs[FP] = frame->fp;
    ctrl.vrs[SP] = frame->sp;
    ctrl.vrs[LR] = frame->lr;
    ctrl.vrs[PC] = 0;

    if (idx->insn == 1)
        /* can't unwind */
        return -URC_FAILURE;
    else if ((idx->insn & 0x80000000) == 0)
        /* prel31 to the unwind table */
        ctrl.insn = (unsigned long *)prel31_to_addr(&idx->insn);
    else if ((idx->insn & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000)
        /* only personality routine 0 supported in the index */
        ctrl.insn = &idx->insn;
    else
    {
        LOG_W("unwind: Unsupported personality routine %08lx in the index at %x",
                idx->insn, idx);
        return -URC_FAILURE;
    }

    /* check the personality routine */
    if ((*ctrl.insn & 0xff000000) == 0x80000000)
    {
        ctrl.byte = 2;
        ctrl.entries = 1;
    }
    else if ((*ctrl.insn & 0xff000000) == 0x81000000)
    {
        ctrl.byte = 1;
        ctrl.entries = 1 + ((*ctrl.insn & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
    }
    else
    {
        LOG_W("unwind: Unsupported personality routine %08lx at %x",
                *ctrl.insn, ctrl.insn);
        return -URC_FAILURE;
    }

    ctrl.check_each_pop = 0;

    while (ctrl.entries > 0)
    {
        int urc;
        if ((ctrl.sp_high - ctrl.vrs[SP]) < sizeof(ctrl.vrs))
            ctrl.check_each_pop = 1;
        urc = unwind_exec_insn(&ctrl);
        if (urc < 0)
            return urc;
        if (ctrl.vrs[SP] < low || ctrl.vrs[SP] >= ctrl.sp_high)
            return -URC_FAILURE;
    }

    if (ctrl.vrs[PC] == 0)
        ctrl.vrs[PC] = ctrl.vrs[LR];

    /* check for infinite loop */
    if (frame->pc == ctrl.vrs[PC])
        return -URC_FAILURE;

    frame->fp = ctrl.vrs[FP];
    frame->sp = ctrl.vrs[SP];
    frame->lr = ctrl.vrs[LR];
    frame->pc = ctrl.vrs[PC];

    return URC_OK;
}

void unwind_backtrace(struct pt_regs *regs, const struct unwind_idx exidx_start[], const struct unwind_idx exidx_end[])
{
    struct stackframe frame;
    const struct unwind_idx *origin_idx = RT_NULL;

    LOG_D("%s(regs = %x)", __func__, regs);

    arm_get_current_stackframe(regs, &frame);

#ifndef RT_BACKTRACE_FUNCTION_NAME
    rt_kprintf("please use: addr2line -e rtthread.elf -a -f %08x\n", frame.pc);
#endif
    LOG_D("pc = %08x, sp = %08x", frame.pc, frame.sp);

    while (1)
    {
        int urc;

        urc = unwind_frame(&frame, &origin_idx, exidx_start, exidx_end);
        if (urc < 0)
            break;
        //dump_backtrace_entry(where, frame.pc, frame.sp - 4);
#ifndef RT_BACKTRACE_FUNCTION_NAME
        rt_kprintf(" %08x", frame.pc);
#endif
        LOG_D("from: pc = %08x, frame = %08x", frame.pc, frame.sp - 4);
    }
    rt_kprintf("\n");
}

extern const struct unwind_idx __exidx_start[];
extern const struct unwind_idx __exidx_end[];

void rt_unwind(struct rt_hw_exp_stack *regs, unsigned int pc_adj)
{
    struct pt_regs e_regs;

    e_regs.ARM_fp = regs->fp;
    e_regs.ARM_sp = regs->sp;
    e_regs.ARM_lr = regs->lr;
    e_regs.ARM_pc = regs->pc - pc_adj;
#ifdef RT_USING_SMART
    if (!lwp_user_accessable((void *)e_regs.ARM_pc, sizeof (void *)))
    {
        e_regs.ARM_pc = regs->lr - sizeof(void *);
    }
#endif
    rt_kprintf("backtrace:\n");
    unwind_backtrace(&e_regs, __exidx_start, __exidx_end);
}

rt_err_t rt_backtrace(void)
{
    struct rt_hw_exp_stack regs;

    asm volatile ("mov %0, fp":"=r"(regs.fp));
    asm volatile ("mov %0, sp":"=r"(regs.sp));
    asm volatile ("mov %0, lr":"=r"(regs.lr));
    asm volatile ("mov %0, pc":"=r"(regs.pc));
    rt_unwind(&regs, 8);
    return RT_EOK;
}